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Revisiting European Pre-Winter Natural Gas Storage Builds: 2022 vs 2023

Chart 2023-48 · Nov 27, 2023

Entering the winter of 2023, EU natural gas storage stood at 3.785 trillion cubic feet — 224 billion cubic feet (6.3%) above the prior year — but a colder November through early December drew down inventories 31% faster than in…

48 charts
Global liquid fuels production pie chart, 2022.
Chart 2023-47

Exxon Mobil / Pioneer and Chevron / Hess Mergers in the Context of Global Liquid Fuels Production

The combined 2022 liquids output of Exxon Mobil, Pioneer, Chevron, and Hess totals 4.2 million barrels per day, or 4.2%…

CO2 emissions from hydrocarbon fuel consumption chart.
Chart 2023-46

U.S. CO2 Emissions from Hydrocarbon Fuel Consumption

U.S. CO2 emissions from hydrocarbon fuel consumption have fallen more than 20% from their mid-2000s peak, with EIA projecting 4.75…

Graph of U.S. natural gas trade balance.
Chart 2023-45

Natural Gas Trade Lowers U.S. Trade Deficit – Revised

U.S. natural gas trade shifted from a deficit to a growing surplus over the past decade, with monthly net exports…

Global coal plant capacity changes map.
Chart 2023-44

Net Additional Coal Generation Capacity Since the Paris Agreement

Since the 2015 Paris Agreement, coal-fired generation capacity has fallen by 164.4 GW in developed countries while rising by a…

EU natural gas inventories chart, 2022-2023.
Chart 2023-43

European Natural Gas Imports and Storage Ahead of Winter 2023-2024

As of October 31, 2023, EU natural gas storage stood near 4 trillion cubic feet, roughly 12% above the five-year…

Graph of U.S. LNG exports to Europe.
Chart 2023-42

European Receipts of U.S. LNG Exports by Destination – Revisited

As Russia curtailed pipeline gas to Europe—cutting flows from a 2019 peak of 15 BCF/d to under 1 BCF/d by…

Italy electricity production comparison, 2017 vs 2023.
Chart 2023-41

The Italian Duck Curve: Evolution of Italy’s August Electricity Generation Resource Mix — 2017-2023

As utility-scale solar has grown in Italy, its August electricity generation mix now displays the "Duck Curve" first observed in…

U.S. crude oil imports and production chart.
Chart 2023-40

U.S. Crude Oil Import Dependence and Potential Vulnerability

U.S. crude oil imports have swung widely over seven decades, from near self-sufficiency in the late 1940s to a 2008…

Crude oil and petroleum reserves chart.
Chart 2023-39

Running on Empty Revisited: U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve Continues to Decline to Historic Lows

Following the Biden Administration's 220 million barrel drawdown—the largest in the reserve's history—the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve has fallen to…

Chart of Strategic Petroleum Releases by Type.
Chart 2023-38

Seeking Price Relief Through SPR Sales – (Revisited 2)

Between November 2021 and March 2023, the Biden Administration released 220 million barrels from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve—the largest drawdown…

Graph showing U.S. LNG trade balance trends.
Chart 2023-37

LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) Trade Lowers U.S. Trade Deficit

U.S. LNG exports, which began in 2016, have grown to become a measurable offset to the national trade deficit, with…

Gasoline and diesel price trends in U.S.
Chart 2023-36

Rising U.S. Transportation Fuel Prices

After retreating from their twenty-year (non-inflation-adjusted) peaks in late summer 2022, U.S. transportation fuel prices are rising aggressively again, emerging…

Graphs of Spain's electricity production sources comparison.
Chart 2023-35

The Spanish Duck Curve: Evolution of Spain’s August Electricity Generation Resource Mix — 2019-2023

As utility-scale solar has expanded in Spain, midday solar output increasingly displaces other generation, producing a "Duck Curve" that requires…

Graph comparing industrial electricity prices, four countries.
Chart 2023-34

European Industrial Electricity Prices as a Measure of Energy Affordability

European industrial electricity prices held stable from 2007 through 2021 before spiking sharply in 2022 amid Russia's escalation of its…

Net oil imports graph, Americas, 1965-2020.
Chart 2023-33

Americas Net Oil Imports

Fig. 2 of 2 · Chart 2023-33 · Source: EPRINC From the EPRINC Chart of the Week archive.

Graph of U.S. energy expenditures over time.
Chart 2023-32

U.S. Energy Security As Measured by Affordability

Consumer spending on motor vehicle fuel and other energy goods has fallen as a share of total disposable personal expenditures…

Graph of U.S. crude oil import decline.
Chart 2023-31

U.S. Energy Security As Measured by Import Dependency/Vulnerability

U.S. energy security, measured by petroleum import dependency, has improved substantially since imports peaked at 12 MB/d in 2006, with…